HAVE ANGANWADIS IN INDIA LIVED UP TO THEIR INITIAL VISION?

Abstract

As a fragment of the Integrated Child Development Services (hereinafter, ICDS) program, the government of India in 1975, started Anganwadis. These are Anganwadi centres (hereinafter, AWC) for the care of children in rural areas with an aim to combat malnutrition and hunger. As a part of the public health care system in India, health care activities here include nutrition, education, supplementation, contraceptives’ counselling along with supply and basic medication. The guidelines for the working and responsibilities of the workers at Anganwadis have been laid down by the Ministry of Women Development and Child Welfare to include educating rural families concerning nutrition requirements, child growth, family planning, the importance of girl education etc. This paper is an attempt at laying down the need and vision behind such centres along with the practical application of its rules and guidelines which will be discussed taking into account the government policies, reports and recommendations. The authors have also attempted to throw some light upon the public policy discussions that have taken place over whether to make Anganwadis universally available to all eligible children on the desire of their mothers. The same would require significant increases in budgetary allocation and a rise in the number of Anganwadis to over 16 lakhs (from the existing 13.7 lakhs). Furthermore, the officers and their helpers who staff Anganwadis are typically women from poor families, who do not have permanent jobs with comprehensive retirement benefits like other government staff. Although the worker protests (by the All India Anganwadi Workers Federation) have initiated public debates on this topic, the paper shall discuss in detail whether or not they have succeeded in their endeavour. With periodic reports of corruption and crimes against women in some Anganwadi centres along with legal and societal issues where Anganwadi-serviced children fall sick and even die, in certain scenarios, have these centres been able to gain the trust of the rural masses as was initially aimed, shall also be debated. Finally, the authors shall conclude with an answer to the most vital question ‘Have Anganwadis lived up to their initial vision?’.